{"id":20900,"date":"2016-03-29T03:50:47","date_gmt":"2016-03-29T00:50:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/?p=20900"},"modified":"2021-04-16T17:24:44","modified_gmt":"2021-04-16T14:24:44","slug":"arastirma-ve-gelistirme-calismalarindaki-trendler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/arastirma-ve-gelistirme-calismalarindaki-trendler\/","title":{"rendered":"Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve Geli\u015ftirme \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki Trendler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirme (AR-GE) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, toplumlar\u0131n geli\u015fimi, uluslararas\u0131 rekabet ve kamu yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in olan ve d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkenin art\u0131k bilincine vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir yat\u0131r\u0131m alan\u0131d\u0131r. Art\u0131k \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 rekabet, yeti\u015fmi\u015f insan g\u00fcc\u00fc ile ortaya koydu\u011fu de\u011ferler ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmektedir. Bu de\u011ferlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131 ise ancak AR-GE\u2019ye yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n<div id=\"om-ceko1gku0mkfe69nxkbs-holder\"><\/div>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/a.omappapi.com\/app\/js\/api.min.js\" data-campaign=\"ceko1gku0mkfe69nxkbs\" data-user=\"41855\" async><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">AR-GE yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in, \u015fu an t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada kabul g\u00f6ren bir metrik vard\u0131r; o da, \u00fclkelerin gayri safi milli has\u0131las\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ve geli\u015ftirmeye ay\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu veriler, \u00fclkelerin ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fc ve gelecekteki b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131 ile\u00a0<a rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/life_science_laboratory_glassware.jpg\"><br \/>\n<\/a>ilgili ciddi ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 vermektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00dclkelerin AR-GE harcamalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ekonomik Kalk\u0131nma ve \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (OECD) taraf\u0131ndan payla\u015f\u0131lan son verilerde \u00fclkelerin ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirmeye harcad\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011ferler g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bu raporda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkenin gerisinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gayri safi milli has\u0131las\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak %1\u2019ini AR-GE\u2019ye ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin alt\u0131nda kalan \u00fclkeler ise Meksika, G\u00fcney Afrika ve Romanya gibi \u00fclkelerdir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">OECD\u2019nin payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerde iki metrik vard\u0131r: birincisi AR-GE\u2019nin gayri safi milli has\u0131laya oran\u0131, di\u011feri ise 1000 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bu rakamlara g\u00f6re en \u00fcst s\u0131rada yer alan \u00fclke sizce hangisi? Hemen s\u00f6yleyelim: \u0130srail. \u0130srail, yakla\u015f\u0131k %4,5 ile AR-GE\u2019ye en \u00e7ok harcama yapan \u00fclke konumundad\u0131r. \u00dclkenin \u00f6zellikle yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve internet giri\u015fimleri konusunda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131mlar ve b\u00f6lgenin bu konudaki merkezlerinden biri olmas\u0131, AR-GE\u2019ye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan tabi ki Kore, Japonya gibi Do\u011fu Asya \u00fclkeleri gelmektedir. Peki, \u00fclkemize k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok az n\u00fcfusa ve insan g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip Kuzey Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin, hem internet giri\u015fimleri, hem de otomotiv gibi sekt\u00f6rlerde \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda olmas\u0131 bir tesad\u00fcf m\u00fc? Hay\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc verilere g\u00f6re bu \u00fclkelerin AR-GE\u2019ye ay\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 oran, Do\u011fu Asya \u00fclkeleri ile neredeyse ayn\u0131d\u0131r; hatta 1000 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131, neredeyse t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerden daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Global AR-GE trendleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Price Waterhouse Coopers\u2019\u0131n 2005-2014 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda, iki metrik g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor. Bunlardan birincisi, \u00fclkelerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 harcamalar\u0131n dolar olarak ifade edilmesi, di\u011feri ise kazan\u0131lan paran\u0131n ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n AR-GE\u2019ye harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesidir. Bu rapora bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerin en \u00e7ok para harcad\u0131klar\u0131 sekt\u00f6rler, yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve internet, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve elektronik sekt\u00f6rleridir. Dolar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok para harcanan sekt\u00f6r, elektronik ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc olarak g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir. Bu trendin devam edece\u011fi asl\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Fakat kazan\u0131lan paran\u0131n AR-GE\u2019ye oran\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, her zaman bir sekt\u00f6r zirvededir; yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve internet sekt\u00f6r\u00fc. \u00c7o\u011fu \u00fclke paras\u0131n\u0131n %15\u2019ini bu sekt\u00f6rde yap\u0131lacak olan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara harcamaktad\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve internet sekt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7in 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda AR-GE\u2019ye harcanan para 20 milyar dolar civar\u0131nda iken, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda 60 milyara \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Bu trendin daha da artmas\u0131, hatta harcanan paradan \u00e7ok, oranlar\u0131n %20\u2019lere \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Harcama trendleri \u00fclkeden \u00fclkeye ve ya k\u0131tadan k\u0131taya da ufak de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Avrupa\u2019da sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki AR-GE harcamalar\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekerken, ikinci s\u0131rada otomotiv gelmektedir. Fakat oran olarak bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve internet sekt\u00f6r\u00fc halen birinci s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r. Kuzey Amerika\u2019ya bakacak olursak, en \u00e7ok para, bilgisayar ve elektronik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki AR-GE harcamalar\u0131na gitmektedir. \u0130kinci s\u0131rada ise sa\u011fl\u0131k vard\u0131r. Oran olarak ise, yine yaz\u0131l\u0131m ilk s\u0131radad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Gelecekteki AR-GE harcamalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Genel olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, AR-GE harcamalar\u0131 y\u0131ldan y\u0131la sabit bir \u015fekilde y\u00fckselmektedir ve trendin de bu \u015fekilde devam etmesi beklenmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ABD bu y\u0131l gayri safi milli has\u0131las\u0131n\u0131n %2\u2019sini, Avrupa ise %3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na harcamay\u0131 hedeflemektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ise yukar\u0131da belirtti\u011fimiz gibi, AR-GE harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n milli gelire oran\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde %1 seviyesindedir. Yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin milli gelirinin, 2 trilyon dolara ula\u015fmas\u0131 ve bunun y\u00fczde %3&#8217;\u00fc kadar\u0131n\u0131n AR-GE\u2019ye harcanmas\u0131 planlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirme (AR-GE) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, toplumlar\u0131n geli\u015fimi, uluslararas\u0131 rekabet ve kamu yarar\u0131 i\u00e7in olan ve [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1741,"featured_media":20912,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1507,1508],"tags":[1441],"ppma_author":[],"class_list":["post-20900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-news","category-publishing-news","tag-open-access"],"acf":[],"single_webinar_page_date":null,"single_webinar_page_time":null,"session_agenda":null,"who_should_attend_this_session":null,"about_the_speaker_field":null,"co-webinar-sec":null,"co_webinar_sec_one":null,"speaker-name":null,"webinar-date":null,"webinar-time":null,"webinar-s-image":null,"custum_webinar_category":null,"authors":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1741"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20900"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29523,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20900\/revisions\/29523"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20900"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=20900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}