{"id":20904,"date":"2016-03-16T14:30:51","date_gmt":"2016-03-16T12:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/?p=20904"},"modified":"2020-02-26T14:24:41","modified_gmt":"2020-02-26T11:24:41","slug":"bilimsel-suistimalin-10-sekli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/bilimsel-suistimalin-10-sekli\/","title":{"rendered":"Bilimsel Suistimalin 10 \u015eekli"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Bilimde de suistimal olur mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bilim yol g\u00f6sterir, \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutar.\u00a0 Bu nedenle, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n etik de\u011ferlere ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak her alanda oldu\u011fu gibi, ne yaz\u0131k ki, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda da ihl\u00e2l ve suistimallerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bilimsel suistimal, ciddi zararlara yol a\u00e7an, takibi zor ve al\u0131nan tedbirlere ra\u011fmen her yerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilecek bir olgudur.<\/p>\n<div id=\"om-ekmxphdtaxjswhntqedb-holder\"><\/div>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/a.opmnstr.com\/app\/js\/api.min.js\" data-campaign=\"ekmxphdtaxjswhntqedb\" data-user=\"41855\" async><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>10 tipik ihl\u00e2l<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>T\u0131bbi Edit\u00f6rler D\u00fcnya Birli\u011fi\u00a0<\/em>ve\u00a0<em>ABD Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck Ofisi\u00a0<\/em>taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan i\u00e7erikten de esinlenerek olu\u015fturulan, hakem ve dergi edit\u00f6rlerinin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 10 ihl\u00e2l, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Fikir h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n makalelerini inceleyerek sunulan fikirleri, fikir m\u00fclkiyetini ihl\u00e2l ederek kendi fikrinizmi\u015f gibi ortaya koymakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li>\u0130ntihal<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cPlagiarism\u201d olarak da bilinir. Ba\u015fkas\u0131na ait yaz\u0131l\u0131, bas\u0131l\u0131 veya elektronik ortamdaki s\u00f6zleri, eserleri, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 veya herhangi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonunda elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde at\u0131fta bulunmadan ve kaynak g\u00f6stermeden kendinize aitmi\u015f gibi kullanmak veya sunmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"3\">\n<li>Kendi kendine intihal<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Akademik literat\u00fcrde \u201cself-plagiarism\u201d olarak ge\u00e7er. Bir yazar\u0131n yeni bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda, daha \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fka bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri veya makaleleri referans g\u00f6stermeden yay\u0131nlamas\u0131na denir. \u201cKendi ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131 dahi tekrar kullanamayacak m\u0131y\u0131m?\u201d diye sorabilirsiniz. Evet, maalesef kendi eseriniz bile olsa, tekrar yay\u0131nl\u0131yorsan\u0131z nereden al\u0131nt\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 belirtmek zorundas\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"4\">\n<li>Haks\u0131z yazarl\u0131k<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bir yay\u0131na aktif olarak katk\u0131da bulunmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015fileri yazarlar aras\u0131na d\u00e2hil etmek veya aktif katk\u0131s\u0131 bulunanlar\u0131 yazarlar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6stermemektir. Ayr\u0131ca, yazar s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131 uygun olmayan bir bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015ftirmek veya birden fazla yazar\u0131n d\u00e2hil oldu\u011fu durumlarda di\u011fer yazarlar\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 almadan yaz\u0131y\u0131 herhangi bir dergiye vermek de \u201chaks\u0131z yazarl\u0131k\u201d say\u0131l\u0131r. Unutmamak gerekir ki, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya sadece yaz\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda katk\u0131da bulunmak, yazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131 do\u011furmaz.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"5\">\n<li>Yasama ve mevzuat \u015fartlar\u0131na uymamak<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kimyasallar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli kullan\u0131m\u0131, insan ve hayvan denek malzemelerinin bak\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili kurallar\u0131n kas\u0131tl\u0131 ihl\u00e2lleri, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar d\u00e2hilindeki ila\u00e7 ile ekipmanlar\u0131n ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma fonlar\u0131n\u0131n uygunsuz kullan\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"6\">\n<li>Genel olarak kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rma uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n ihl\u00e2li<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130stenen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in deneyleri manip\u00fcle etmeyi, aldat\u0131c\u0131 istatistik veya analitik uygulamalar olu\u015fturmay\u0131, yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bir netice sunmak i\u00e7in sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f raporlanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"7\">\n<li>Verilerin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ya da deney d\u00fczeneklerini, istenen sonu\u00e7lar do\u011frultusunda manip\u00fcle etmekten \u00f6te, verileri ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 uydurmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"8\">\n<li>Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011finin denetlenmesine destek vermemek<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011finin kontrol edilmesi ad\u0131na, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n tekrarlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli b\u00fct\u00fcn veri setleri veya ara\u015ft\u0131rma malzemelerini temin etmeyi reddetmek anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"9\">\n<li>Ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi onaylanmam\u0131\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara kar\u015f\u0131 kay\u0131ts\u0131z kalmak<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yay\u0131nlanan herhangi bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma hatal\u0131 bulunmu\u015fsa, yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu dergiden geri \u00e7ekilmelidir. Bunun aksi ihl\u00e2le girmektedir.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"10\">\n<li>Suistimalden \u015f\u00fcphelenilen durumda, uygun davranmamak<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu duruma verilebilecek \u00f6rnekler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aleyhinizde ortaya at\u0131lan herhangi bir suistimal iddias\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmamak, bilinen ya da \u015f\u00fcphelenilen bir ihl\u00e2li bildirmemek, herhangi bir ihl\u00e2l iddias\u0131 ile ilgili delilleri yok etmek, g\u00f6revin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair iddiada bulunan bir ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 misilleme yapmak ve kasten ger\u00e7ek olmayan bir ihl\u00e2l su\u00e7lamas\u0131nda bulunmak.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Her ihl\u00e2l, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n do\u011frulu\u011funu ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde mi etkiler?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Asl\u0131na bakarsan\u0131z suistimalin de bir derecelendirilmesi vard\u0131r. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecinin do\u011frulu\u011funu en \u00e7ok zedeleyen \u015fey, kullan\u0131lan bilimsel y\u00f6ntemin ad\u0131mlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan suistimallerdir. Bunlar, yay\u0131nlama a\u015famas\u0131ndaki ihl\u00e2llerden \u00e7ok daha ciddi ihl\u00e2ller say\u0131l\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda bu do\u011fru bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6rne\u011fin verilerle oynanmas\u0131, eme\u011fi ge\u00e7en yazarlardan birinin ad\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nda yer almamas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha kritiktir ve ciddi zararlara yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131, eme\u011fini, imk\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 ve konumunu yukar\u0131da bahsedilen t\u00fcm bu ihl\u00e2llerle k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanan ki\u015filer, lisanslar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetme veya hapis cezas\u0131 gibi ciddi cezalarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilir. Ancak \u015funu da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekir ki, bazen suistimal gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen ya da g\u00f6sterilen bir durum, istemeden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir hatadan ibaret olabilir. Bu nedenle, kas\u0131tl\u0131 ve masum hatalar aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m titizlikle yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece bilim eti\u011fine sahip bilim insanlar\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri etik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla insano\u011flunu ayd\u0131nlatmaya devam edebilirler.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bilimde de suistimal olur mu? Bilim yol g\u00f6sterir, \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutar.\u00a0 Bu nedenle, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n etik [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8267,"featured_media":20921,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1499,1495],"tags":[1581,1580,1562],"ppma_author":[1656],"class_list":["post-20904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-understanding-ethics","category-publishing-research","tag-importance-of-research-ethics","tag-ethics-misconduct","tag-ethical-issues"],"acf":[],"single_webinar_page_date":null,"single_webinar_page_time":null,"session_agenda":null,"who_should_attend_this_session":null,"about_the_speaker_field":null,"co-webinar-sec":null,"co_webinar_sec_one":null,"speaker-name":null,"webinar-date":null,"webinar-time":null,"webinar-s-image":null,"custum_webinar_category":null,"authors":[{"term_id":1656,"user_id":8267,"is_guest":0,"slug":"developersid","display_name":"developersid","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ac1364def40b04953d83a9610d34a15281886a26dfb5260bf0ec6b4f98db3d40?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"1","first_name":"Nilesh","last_name":"Waghela","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8267"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20904"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20904\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21942,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20904\/revisions\/21942"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20921"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20904"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=20904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}