{"id":20909,"date":"2016-03-07T15:58:21","date_gmt":"2016-03-07T13:58:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/?p=20909"},"modified":"2021-04-28T17:38:03","modified_gmt":"2021-04-28T14:38:03","slug":"akademik-sahtekarligin-sonuclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/akademik-sahtekarligin-sonuclari\/","title":{"rendered":"Akademik Sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Giderek artan endi\u015fe<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ne yaz\u0131k ki, her alanda oldu\u011fu gibi bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda da suistimallere gitgide daha s\u0131k \u015fahit olmaktay\u0131z. Dergilerden geri \u00e7ekilen makale say\u0131s\u0131 ve akademik usuls\u00fczl\u00fck skandallar\u0131 giderek art\u0131yor. Bunun ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedenlerini \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n<div id=\"om-dfkezcblxflckadbahas-holder\"><\/div>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/a.omappapi.com\/app\/js\/api.min.js\" data-campaign=\"dfkezcblxflckadbahas\" data-user=\"41855\" async><\/script><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u00dcst\u00fcn akademik performans g\u00f6stermeleri i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara s\u00fcrekli bask\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131s\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00e7eler,<\/li>\n<li>K\u00f6t\u00fc idarenin ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 etik olmayan davran\u0131\u015flara zorlamas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>\u201cHerkes bunu yap\u0131yor ve ben sadece bu seferlik yap\u0131yorum\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u201cSadece bu seferlik\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 kaygan bir zemin<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cSadece bu seferlik\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir\u00a0arg\u00fcman olarak s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0Ancak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rneklerden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bu olduk\u00e7a tehlikeli bir durum. \u00d6nce akademi d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir firma ile ilgili \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00f6rnek vererek ba\u015flayal\u0131m. Daha sonra da akademik d\u00fcnyada bu konuya ili\u015fkin neler olup bitti\u011fine g\u00f6z atal\u0131m:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Muhtemelen, Enron \u015firketinin olayl\u0131 iflas\u0131n\u0131 duymayan kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Enron, 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda birka\u00e7 \u015firketin birle\u015fmesiyle kuruldu ve kuruldu\u011fu anda ABD &#8216;nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fal gaz da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 haline geldi. \u015eirket, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0<em>Fortune<\/em>\u00a0dergisinin ABD&#8217;nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck 500 \u015fir\u00adketi s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda yedinci s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131. Ancak, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sermaye projesindeki beklenmedik bir gecikmeden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc 3 ayl\u0131k bir d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in finansal rakamlar\u0131n\u0131 manip\u00fcle eden \u015firket y\u00f6netimi, sonradan bunu bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline getirdi ve her d\u00f6nemin rakamlar\u0131yla oynamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ve sonunda da iflas bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekilmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Di\u011fer yandan, makaleleri uluslararas\u0131 bilimsel dergilerde yay\u0131mlanan Hollandal\u0131 psikolog Diederik Stapel ise haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile akademi d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda bir y\u0131ld\u0131z gibi parlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak, Spatel daha sonra \u00fczerindeki a\u011f\u0131r &#8220;performans bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n&#8221; kendisini sahte ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar \u00fcretmeye itti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek, verileri \u00e7arp\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve olmayan veriler \u00fcretti\u011fini itiraf etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Kendisi bu sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6hretini korumak ad\u0131na on y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre boyunca devam ettirmi\u015fti. Sonunda, sadece \u00fcniversiteden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakla kalmad\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda itibar\u0131n\u0131 da kaybetmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bilip, bunlara katlanmak gerek!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0130\u015fte yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rneklerde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, \u201cbir seferlik\u201d diye ba\u015flanan sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131k al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline gelebiliyor. Fakat \u201cbir seferlik\u201d olsa bile, bedeli \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r olabiliyor. \u0130\u015fte dikkatinizi \u00e7ekecek bir \u00f6rnek daha:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0130ngiliz t\u0131p\u00e7\u0131 Andrew Wakefield otizm ve KKK a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda sahte bir ili\u015fki kurmak i\u00e7in uydurma veriler olu\u015fturdu. Fakat bu, sonunda onun t\u0131bbi lisans\u0131na ve ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131na m\u00e2l oldu.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fcnyaca tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f t\u0131p dergisi\u00a0<em>Lancet<\/em>, yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 geri \u00e7ekmek zorunda kald\u0131 ve hatta Wakefield\u2019\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 konusundaki d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sorgulayan son derece ele\u015ftirel bir makale bile yay\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Wakefield&#8217;in a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ebeveynler \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi k\u0131zam\u0131k vir\u00fcs\u00fc ile m\u00fccadele etmek durumunda kal\u0131yor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131klar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, prestij kayb\u0131, i\u015finden, unvan\u0131ndan ve lisans\u0131ndan olma, mali kay\u0131plar ve hatta insanlara verilen zararlar \u015feklinde \u00f6zetlenebilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Profesyonel sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ABD Ulusal Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (NIH), Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Programlar\u0131nda Profesyonellik ve B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck (PI Program\u0131) ad\u0131nda, yeni bir program finanse ediyor. Bu program, daha hafif ihlallerden su\u00e7lu bulunan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n yeniden akademik d\u00fcnyaya kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor ve St. Louis\u2019deki Washington \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;nde Klinik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Eti\u011fi Merkezi&#8217;nin direkt\u00f6r\u00fc James DuBois taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">PI Program\u0131, ilk olarak 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda test edildi\u011finde, \u2018RePAIR\u2019 (Restoring Professionalism and Integrity in Research) yani Profesyonellik ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u0130adesi olarak biliniyordu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">PI Program\u0131, bilimsel suistimal ile su\u00e7lanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n akademik d\u00fcnyaya d\u00f6nmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in onlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etmesine yol a\u00e7an nedenler inceleniyor ve bunlar\u0131n tekrarlanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6netim plan\u0131 geli\u015ftiriliyor. Mezun olanlar, bir tamamlama belgesi al\u0131yorlar ve bu belge ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 kuruma da iletiliyor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bir yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp akademik ihlallere ba\u015fvuran ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na yeniden kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunan bu programa baz\u0131 ele\u015ftiriler de y\u00f6neltiliyor.\u00a0 Bu da ister istemez s\u00f6z konusu program\u0131n etkinli\u011fi konusunda baz\u0131 soru i\u015faretleri olu\u015fturabiliyor.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Giderek artan endi\u015fe Ne yaz\u0131k ki, her alanda oldu\u011fu gibi bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda da suistimallere gitgide [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8267,"featured_media":20409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1499,1495],"tags":[1580,1587],"ppma_author":[1656],"class_list":["post-20909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-understanding-ethics","category-publishing-research","tag-ethics-misconduct","tag-retractions"],"acf":[],"single_webinar_page_date":null,"single_webinar_page_time":null,"session_agenda":null,"who_should_attend_this_session":null,"about_the_speaker_field":null,"co-webinar-sec":null,"co_webinar_sec_one":null,"speaker-name":null,"webinar-date":null,"webinar-time":null,"webinar-s-image":null,"custum_webinar_category":null,"authors":[{"term_id":1656,"user_id":8267,"is_guest":0,"slug":"developersid","display_name":"developersid","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ac1364def40b04953d83a9610d34a15281886a26dfb5260bf0ec6b4f98db3d40?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"1","first_name":"Nilesh","last_name":"Waghela","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20909","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8267"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20909"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20909\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29605,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20909\/revisions\/29605"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20909"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20909"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20909"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=20909"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}