{"id":21896,"date":"2020-02-28T12:37:51","date_gmt":"2020-02-28T09:37:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/?p=21896"},"modified":"2020-09-07T15:24:20","modified_gmt":"2020-09-07T12:24:20","slug":"academic-competition-fueling-citation-manipulation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/academic-competition-fueling-citation-manipulation\/","title":{"rendered":"Akademi \u0130\u00e7indeki Y\u00fckselen At\u0131f Manip\u00fclasyonu ve Etkileri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>At\u0131fta bulunmak, ba\u015fka bir yazar\u0131n ve yay\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n orijinal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u00f6zel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131zda eklemek ya da \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 almakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle, at\u0131flar\u0131n akademisyenli\u011fin temellerinden biri olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. At\u0131flar kullan\u0131larak, herhangi bir konu hakk\u0131nda daha do\u011fru ger\u00e7ekler ve rakamlar verilebilir ve bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yap\u0131labilir. At\u0131flar, yazarlar, edit\u00f6rler, yay\u0131nc\u0131lar ve kurumlar taraf\u0131ndan ve baz\u0131 disiplinlerde verimlili\u011fin \u00f6nemli ve me\u015fru bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, y\u00fcksek etki fakt\u00f6rl\u00fc dergilerde yay\u0131n yapan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kariyerlerinde terfi ve hibe gibi ba\u015far\u0131lar ile \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilir. Ancak at\u0131flar\u0131n manip\u00fcle edilebilmesi, at\u0131f indekslerinin me\u015fruiyetinin bilimsel yay\u0131nlar\u0131n etkisinin en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6stergesi olarak kabul edilmesine daha temkinli bir yakla\u015f\u0131m getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<div id=\"om-u6oekzfsnxgqwxfjgkvl-holder\"><\/div>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/a.omappapi.com\/app\/js\/api.min.js\" data-campaign=\"u6oekzfsnxgqwxfjgkvl\" data-user=\"41855\" async><\/script><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/academic-competition-fueling-citation-manipulation\/#Atiflar_Neden_Onemlidir\" >At\u0131flar Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/academic-competition-fueling-citation-manipulation\/#En_Cok_Atif_Alan_Kisiler_Listesi_Yayinlandi\" >En \u00c7ok At\u0131f Alan Ki\u015filer Listesi Yay\u0131nland\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/academic-competition-fueling-citation-manipulation\/#Atif_Manipulasyonu_Nedir\" >At\u0131f Manip\u00fclasyonu Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/academic-competition-fueling-citation-manipulation\/#Atif_Manipulasyonunun_Carpici_Bir_Ornegi\" >At\u0131f Manip\u00fclasyonunun \u00c7arp\u0131c\u0131 Bir \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/academic-competition-fueling-citation-manipulation\/#Atif_Manipulasyonuna_Karsi_Careler\" >At\u0131f Manip\u00fclasyonuna Kar\u015f\u0131 \u00c7areler<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atiflar_Neden_Onemlidir\"><\/span>At\u0131flar Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Akademik bir makalede at\u0131f kullanan yazarlar, okurlar\u0131na yazd\u0131klar\u0131 materyalin daha \u00f6nce bilimsel olarak kan\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garanti ederler. Temel olarak, at\u0131f, okuyucuya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z hakk\u0131nda ne kadar uygun bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6stermenin bir yolu olup asl\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z\u0131n bir uzant\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Her ara\u015ft\u0131rma makalesinde ortak olan \u00e7ok say\u0131da al\u0131nt\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bir makale yazarken, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ilham veren, fikirlerini destekleyen, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcten ya da fazladan bilgi veren di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan bahsedebilirler. Ayr\u0131ca, intihalden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi i\u00e7in, uygun al\u0131nt\u0131lar mutlaka gerekli a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapabilmek i\u00e7in gereklidir. Bu y\u00fczden, at\u0131flar bilimsel yay\u0131nlar i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"En_Cok_Atif_Alan_Kisiler_Listesi_Yayinlandi\"><\/span>En \u00c7ok At\u0131f Alan Ki\u015filer Listesi Yay\u0131nland\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Web of Science, 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana her y\u0131l, se\u00e7ilen bir veya birden fazla alanda \u00f6nemli ve geni\u015f etki g\u00f6steren ve son on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde akranlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok\u00e7a at\u0131fta bulunulan ara\u015ft\u0131rma bilimcilerini i\u00e7eren bir liste a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mri.tum.de\/sites\/default\/files\/pressemeldungen\/highly-cited-researchers-2019-executive-summary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00c7ok\u00e7a At\u0131f Alan Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar 2019 Listesi<\/a> de ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde yay\u0131nland\u0131. <a href=\"https:\/\/recognition.webofsciencegroup.com\/awards\/highly-cited\/2019\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Web of Science&#8217;a g\u00f6re<\/a>, bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, alanlar\u0131nda ve yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131l boyunca en \u00e7ok at\u0131fta bulunulan ilk %1 eser aras\u0131nda yer alan \u00e7ok say\u0131da makale yay\u0131nlayarak kendilerini ay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde at\u0131fta bulunulan ara\u015ft\u0131rma makalelerinin bu \u015fekilde tutarl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde \u00fcretilmesi, bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nemsendi\u011fini ve \u00fcrettikleri bilimin faydaya sahip oldu\u011funa karar verildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atif_Manipulasyonu_Nedir\"><\/span>At\u0131f Manip\u00fclasyonu Nedir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>At\u0131f manip\u00fclasyonu \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde olabilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, edit\u00f6rler, yay\u0131nc\u0131lar veya yay\u0131n kurulu \u00fcyeleri, at\u0131f oranlar\u0131n\u0131 ve dergi etkilerini art\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla belirli dergilerden al\u0131nt\u0131lar eklemek i\u00e7in yazarlar\u0131 bask\u0131 alt\u0131na alabiliyorlar. Yaln\u0131zca yazar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131f say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rman\u0131n bir yolu olarak, yazar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yazar\u0131n kendisi taraf\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 al\u0131nt\u0131lanmas\u0131 (yani yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u201ckendine al\u0131nt\u0131lar\u201d) da bir ba\u015fka t\u00fcr <a href=\"https:\/\/publicationethics.org\/citation-manipulation-discussion-document\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at\u0131f manip\u00fclasyonudur<\/a>. Yazar\u0131n sadece makalenin at\u0131f say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rman\u0131n bir arac\u0131 olarak bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma makalesi yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dergiden makalelerin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 al\u0131nt\u0131lanmas\u0131 da bir di\u011fer manip\u00fclasyondur. Bir di\u011feri de, bazen \u201cfahri al\u0131nt\u0131\u201d olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan ba\u015fka bir yazar\u0131n veya derginin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 at\u0131f yapmak (\u00f6rne\u011fin ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 alan\u0131nda bir makale veya tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir bilim insan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi derginin genel yay\u0131n y\u00f6netmeni) ya da yaln\u0131zca s\u00f6z konusu yazarlar\u0131n veya dergilerin al\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmak i\u00e7in al\u0131nt\u0131 istiflemedir.<\/p>\n<p>At\u0131f manip\u00fclasyonu, bir makalenin belirli bir dergide kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in bir ko\u015ful olarak olu\u015fturuldu\u011funda \u201czorlay\u0131c\u0131 at\u0131f manip\u00fclasyonu\u201d olarak kabul edilmektedir. Zorlay\u0131c\u0131 at\u0131f manip\u00fclasyonu, makalelerinin al\u0131nt\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve edit\u00f6r\u00fcn tavsiyeyi bir gereklilik olarak kabul etti\u011fi \u015fart\u0131 \u00f6neren hakemlerden gelebilir; edit\u00f6rlerin veya yay\u0131n kurulu \u00fcyelerinin yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n veya yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n illaki o dergiden al\u0131nt\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini veya bir derginin, elindeki konu ile ilgisinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, bir yay\u0131n ko\u015fulu olarak o dergi i\u00e7indeki makalelere at\u0131fta bulunulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi durumlarda oldu\u011fu gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli manip\u00fclasyonlar kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/citation-cartels-the-mafia-of-scientific-publishing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at\u0131f manip\u00fclasyon karteli<\/a>\u201d yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f makalelerin kalitesinden ve \u00f6nemlerinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak her birinden al\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak art\u0131rarak ilgili dergilerin etki fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in birden fazla dergi i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atif_Manipulasyonunun_Carpici_Bir_Ornegi\"><\/span>At\u0131f Manip\u00fclasyonunun \u00c7arp\u0131c\u0131 Bir \u00d6rne\u011fi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok at\u0131f yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan bir biyofizik\u00e7i, hakemli inceleme s\u00fcrecini tekrar tekrar kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na at\u0131f yapmak i\u00e7in manip\u00fcle ettikten sonra, bir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-00335-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">derginin yay\u0131n kurulundan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131<\/a> ve ba\u015fka bir dergide de inceleme yazar\u0131 olmas\u0131 engellendi. Bu olay anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu ki\u015finin ismi a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131. Daha sonra, derginin yay\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131 Elsevier, Nature&#8217;a, yasakl\u0131 edit\u00f6r\u00fcn Boston, Massachusetts&#8217;te Gordon Life Science Institute olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir organizasyonu kuran ve y\u00fcr\u00fcten Kuo-Chen Chou oldu\u011funu belirtti. Edit\u00f6r a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131na g\u00f6re Chou, d\u00fczenlemekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00fczinelerce makalenin yazarlar\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n uzun bir listesini (bazen 50&#8217;den fazla) al\u0131nt\u0131 yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 istedi ve geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi algoritmadan bahsetmeleri i\u00e7in makalelerinin ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015ftirmelerini istedi.<\/p>\n<p>Chou&#8217;nun o zamanlarda ad\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanmasa da Chou&#8217;nun makale hakemli\u011fini engelleyen dergilerden biri olan Bioinformatics&#8217;in edit\u00f6rlerinden Jonathan Wren, Chou\u2019nun kendinden at\u0131f yapma taleplerinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u015fok edici oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Chou, 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda ila\u00e7 end\u00fcstrisindeki kariyerinden emekli oldu ve daha sonra, herkesin kat\u0131labilece\u011fi \u201cfiziksel s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olmayan\u201d bir enstit\u00fc olan Gordon Life Science Institute&#8217;u kurdu. 2003 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Chou, \u00e7o\u011funlukla hesaplamal\u0131 biyoloji alan\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 kez al\u0131nt\u0131lanan 168 makale yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Ancak Elsevier\u2019in Scopus al\u0131nt\u0131 veri taban\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fu anda 58000&#8217;den fazla al\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7eren toplam 602 makalesi var ve kendisi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok at\u0131f yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.elsevier.com\/journal-of-theoretical-biology\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">JTB<\/a>\u2019nin edit\u00f6r\u00fc, Chou&#8217;nun kendi enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde yak\u0131n meslekta\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan makaleleri de ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n dergi taraf\u0131ndan daha sonra izlenemedi\u011fini ve edit\u00f6rlerin ger\u00e7ekli\u011finin sorguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Chou&#8217;nun bazen makalelere bir takma adla hakemlik yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya kurumundan kimin hakem olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6zellikle se\u00e7ti\u011fini ekledi. Bir\u00e7ok durumda da Chou&#8217;nun kendisi, incelemenin son a\u015famas\u0131nda ortak yazar olarak makalelere kendi ismini de ekletmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan incelemelerde, Chou\u2019nun edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her bir makale i\u00e7in makalenin yazarlar\u0131ndan kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan ortalama 35 tanesini ekleyerek kendine at\u0131fta bulunulmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, % 90&#8217;\u0131na ortak yazar olarak da kendini eklettirmi\u015ftir. Maalesef bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 onlarca makale i\u00e7in tekrarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Derginin edit\u00f6r sistemi, bu suiistimali g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemek istediklerini bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Oklahoma City&#8217;deki Oklahoma T\u0131bbi Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Vakf\u0131&#8217;nda bir biyoinformatik\u00e7i olan Wren, Chou&#8217;nun al\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na ili\u015fkin soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n \u015f\u00fcpheli kal\u0131plara i\u015faret etti\u011fi en az \u00fc\u00e7 dergide halen devam etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Wren \u015fu anda dergilerdeki al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k al\u0131nt\u0131 kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak i\u015faretlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir algoritma ile u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yor. Yap\u0131lanlar, Elsevier&#8217;in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-019-02639-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">&#8220;zorlay\u0131c\u0131 at\u0131f&#8221; uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131<\/a> ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Yay\u0131nc\u0131, kendi al\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in de\u011ferlendirmesini manip\u00fcle etti\u011finden \u015f\u00fcphelenilen y\u00fczlerce ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131y\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu duyurudan sonra ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan dava Chou\u2019nunkidir. Dergiden yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klama, nadiren de olsa bu t\u00fcr uygulamalar\u0131n hakemlik sisteminin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve edit\u00f6rlerin ve hakemlerin bilimsel kayd\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamaya adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve taahh\u00fcd\u00fc zay\u0131flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Chou, 2014&#8217;ten 2018&#8217;e kadar Philadelphia, Pennsylvania&#8217;da bir bilgi hizmetleri \u015firketi olan <a href=\"https:\/\/clarivate.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Clarivate Analytics<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen ve Web of Science&#8217;\u0131n at\u0131f veritaban\u0131na sahip olan bir listede y\u00fcksek al\u0131nt\u0131 yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Ancak, ad\u0131 art\u0131k 2019 listesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Clarivate, makalelerini \u201cola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde kendinden at\u0131f yapma\u201d nedenini g\u00f6stererek Chou\u2019nun ad\u0131n\u0131 listeden \u00e7\u0131karmaya karar verdi.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atif_Manipulasyonuna_Karsi_Careler\"><\/span>At\u0131f Manip\u00fclasyonuna Kar\u015f\u0131 \u00c7areler<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Elsevier\u2019in bu t\u00fcr uygulamalar\u0131 tespit etmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in analitik ara\u00e7lar geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmadan \u00f6nce olas\u0131 at\u0131f manip\u00fclasyonunu incelemek i\u00e7in uygulamay\u0131 devreye alacaklar\u0131 taahh\u00fct edilmi\u015ftir. At\u0131f manip\u00fclasyonu uygulayan edit\u00f6rlerin yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131kta en iyi uygulama normlar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fi kabul edilir ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar at\u0131f manip\u00fclasyonu uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 onaylad\u0131ktan sonra pozisyonlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca, baz\u0131 at\u0131f indeksleri, at\u0131f manip\u00fclasyonu sorununa, kendi kendine at\u0131flar\u0131 tamamen kald\u0131rman\u0131n ek eylemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren bir etki fakt\u00f6r\u00fc hesaplamas\u0131 ekleyerek yan\u0131t vermi\u015ftir. Buna ek olarak, at\u0131f endeksleri dergilerin dizinlerine dahil edilmesini reddetti veya kan\u0131tlar\u0131n puanlar\u0131 y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in bir mekanizma olarak a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak kendi kendini al\u0131nt\u0131lamay\u0131 destekledi\u011fi zaten endekslenmi\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Dergiler, yazarlar ve hakemler i\u00e7in uygun \u00f6z-at\u0131f d\u00fczeylerine ili\u015fkin politikalar\u0131, kabul edilebilir \u00f6z-at\u0131f konusunda geni\u015f terimlerle bile ele almal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, dergiler ve yay\u0131nc\u0131lar, edit\u00f6rlere, edit\u00f6rlerin veya dergilerin yay\u0131nlar\u0131na at\u0131f yapman\u0131n uygun zamanlar\u0131 ve yollar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda e\u011fitim sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r. Uygunsuz istekler veya at\u0131f manip\u00fclasyonu olaylar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, dergilerin bu konular\u0131 ilgili taraflarla ele almak i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k prosed\u00fcrleri olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>At\u0131fta bulunmak, ba\u015fka bir yazar\u0131n ve yay\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n orijinal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kendi \u00f6zel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131zda eklemek ya da [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":21897,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1499,1495],"tags":[1550],"ppma_author":[1657],"class_list":["post-21896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-understanding-ethics","category-publishing-research","tag-citations-and-references"],"acf":[],"single_webinar_page_date":null,"single_webinar_page_time":null,"session_agenda":null,"who_should_attend_this_session":null,"about_the_speaker_field":null,"co-webinar-sec":null,"co_webinar_sec_one":null,"speaker-name":null,"webinar-date":null,"webinar-time":null,"webinar-s-image":null,"custum_webinar_category":null,"authors":[{"term_id":1657,"user_id":4,"is_guest":0,"slug":"editor","display_name":"Enago Academy","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2ef4bc47f3ceaa56f5eb3b26f9520fad298ba36ede4f86315997ffb45db37a1f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","first_name":"Editor","last_name":"Academy","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":"Enago Academy, the knowledge arm of Enago, offers comprehensive and up-to-date resources on academic research and scholarly publishing to all levels of scholarly professionals: students, researchers, editors, publishers, and academic societies. It is also a popular platform for networking, allowing researchers to learn, share, and discuss their experiences within their network and community. The team, which comprises subject matter experts, academicians, trainers, and technical project managers, are passionate about helping researchers at all levels establish a successful career, both within and outside academia."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21896"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21896\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22218,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21896\/revisions\/22218"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21896"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=21896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}