{"id":2238,"date":"2016-02-03T17:42:23","date_gmt":"2016-02-03T14:12:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.enago.com.tr\/blog\/?p=2238"},"modified":"2021-04-16T17:37:44","modified_gmt":"2021-04-16T14:37:44","slug":"arastirma-sonuclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/arastirma-sonuclari\/","title":{"rendered":"Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Yanl\u0131\u015f Yorumlanabiliyor?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yorum a\u015famas\u0131nda toplad\u0131klar\u0131 verilere anlam kazand\u0131rmak, bulgular aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak, bunlarla neden\u2010sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkileri kurmak, verilerden birtak\u0131m sonu\u00e7lar \u00e7\u0131karmak ve elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yapmak durumundad\u0131r. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, bulgular ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n inisiyatifi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda elde edildi\u011fi halde, bunlar\u0131n yorumu en nihayetinde ki\u015fisel ve \u00f6zneldir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bu son a\u015famas\u0131nda, bulgular\u0131n ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca do\u011fru \u015fekilde ve mant\u0131\u011fa uygun olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Zira bu a\u015famadan sonra, art\u0131k kamuoyunun bilgilendirilmesine ge\u00e7ilecektir. Bu nedenle, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ifade bi\u00e7imi ve \u00fcslubunun da mant\u0131kl\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.\u00a0E\u011fer verilerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi yani analizi d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmazsa, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f yorumlanmas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<div id=\"om-dfkezcblxflckadbahas-holder\"><\/div>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/a.omappapi.com\/app\/js\/api.min.js\" data-campaign=\"dfkezcblxflckadbahas\" data-user=\"41855\" async><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kas\u0131tl\u0131 da olabilir kas\u0131ts\u0131z da<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bilgi eksikli\u011fi, yetersiz e\u011fitim, g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rma gibi fakt\u00f6rler hataya yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi gibi gere\u011finden fazla genelle\u015ftirme, se\u00e7ici g\u00f6zlem, g\u00f6zlemi erken sonland\u0131rma veya tek bir bulgudan genel yarg\u0131lar \u00e7\u0131karma da ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131y\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f yorumlamaya iten etkenler aras\u0131nda olabilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ancak \u015fu da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemeli: Bazen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, kendi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 konusunda olduk\u00e7a tarafl\u0131 davranabiliyorlar. Hatta bazen kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak yanl\u0131\u015f yorumlama bile yapabiliyorlar. Genellikle bunun nedeninin mevcut ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7ma iste\u011fi oldu\u011fu tahmin ediliyor!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Do\u011fru yorumlama i\u00e7in \u00f6neriler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki fakt\u00f6rlere dikkat etmenizi \u00f6neririz:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u00d6rneklem:\u00a0Elde edilen sonu\u00e7 \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir \u00f6rneklem, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6zlem ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve de\u011fi\u015fik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemleriyle tekrarlanabilirse, sonu\u00e7 kuvvetle do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015f olur. Benzer ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda tekrar tekrar ayn\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n elde edilmesi, g\u00f6zlem konusunun ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011funu ve g\u00f6zlem sonucunun ge\u00e7erli hatta do\u011fru oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ancak insanlar art\u0131k anketlerden ve klinik deneylerden b\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir halde. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla,\u00a0bu durum b\u00f6yle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. O y\u00fczden baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfusu temsil eden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00f6rneklem al\u0131narak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebiliyor ve bu da yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 genellemelere neden olabiliyor. S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da \u00f6rne\u011fe bakarak genel hakk\u0131nda kanaate ula\u015fmaya \u201ct\u00fcmevar\u0131m\u201d denir. Fakat bu genellemeler konusunda \u00e7ok dikkatli olunmal\u0131 ve bu durumlarda ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131na daha fazla itina g\u00f6sterilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Son olarak, e\u011fer temsili \u00f6rneklem g\u00fcvenilir bir metodoloji olarak kabul edilirse, o zaman prosed\u00fcrler hakk\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm istatistiki varsay\u0131mlar\u0131n da yanl\u0131\u015f yorumlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr!<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"2\">\n<li>\u0130statistiksel anlaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edin.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0130ki de\u011fi\u015fken aras\u0131nda anlaml\u0131 bir ili\u015fki bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya da gruplar aras\u0131nda anlaml\u0131 bir fark bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten hipoteze s\u0131f\u0131r (null) hipotezi ad\u0131 verilir. Bu hipotezi reddetmek ya da reddetmemek \u00e7e\u015fitli hatalar do\u011furabilir.<\/li>\n<li>Genellikle istatistiksel anlaml\u0131l\u0131k abart\u0131l\u0131r. Sadece olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hatay\u0131 minimuma indirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6rneklem \u00fczerinde anlams\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilecek herhangi bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k, istatistiksel olarak anlaml\u0131 hale gelebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\" start=\"3\">\n<li>\u00c7abalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00d6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcz ister \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri olsun isterse anket ya da test say\u0131lar\u0131, test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131za daha fazla \u00f6nem ve \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterdi\u011finiz takdirde daha kaliteli olacakt\u0131r.\u00a0\u015eunu da \u00f6zellikle vurgulamak isteriz ki, kararlar sadece istatistiksel sonu\u00e7lara dayanarak verildi\u011finde ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kolayca yanl\u0131\u015f yorumlanabilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, yeterli e\u011fitim, dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k ve s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6zetim yard\u0131m\u0131 ile s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en b\u00fct\u00fcn bu fakt\u00f6rleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmal\u0131 ve s\u0131ralanan yan\u0131lg\u0131lara d\u00fc\u015fmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Zamanla elde edece\u011finiz deneyimler de sizi hataya d\u00fc\u015fmekten kurtarmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yorum a\u015famas\u0131nda toplad\u0131klar\u0131 verilere anlam kazand\u0131rmak, bulgular aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak, bunlarla neden\u2010sonu\u00e7 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8267,"featured_media":20409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1499,1495],"tags":[1583,1580],"ppma_author":[1656],"class_list":["post-2238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-understanding-ethics","category-publishing-research","tag-scientific-transparency","tag-ethics-misconduct"],"acf":[],"single_webinar_page_date":null,"single_webinar_page_time":null,"session_agenda":null,"who_should_attend_this_session":null,"about_the_speaker_field":null,"co-webinar-sec":null,"co_webinar_sec_one":null,"speaker-name":null,"webinar-date":null,"webinar-time":null,"webinar-s-image":null,"custum_webinar_category":null,"authors":[{"term_id":1656,"user_id":8267,"is_guest":0,"slug":"developersid","display_name":"developersid","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ac1364def40b04953d83a9610d34a15281886a26dfb5260bf0ec6b4f98db3d40?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"1","first_name":"Nilesh","last_name":"Waghela","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8267"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2238"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2238\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29531,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2238\/revisions\/29531"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2238"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}