{"id":2438,"date":"2016-04-18T15:41:14","date_gmt":"2016-04-18T12:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.enago.com.tr\/blog\/?p=2438"},"modified":"2020-02-26T11:46:17","modified_gmt":"2020-02-26T08:46:17","slug":"bilimsel-hatalar-ne-siklikta-yapilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/bilimsel-hatalar-ne-siklikta-yapilir\/","title":{"rendered":"Bilimsel Hatalar Ne S\u0131kl\u0131kta Yap\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bilimsel hatalar, akademi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n bir ger\u00e7e\u011fidir. Fakat bu tarz\u00a0hatalar\u0131 bulmak, bir matematik problemindeki hatay\u0131 bulmaya pek benzemez \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bir bilimsel hatan\u0131n, aksi ke\u015ffedilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.\u00a0 Asl\u0131nda burada bir k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunun nedeni ise, orijinal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma verilerinin di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde,\u00a0 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n hemen hemen ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve hatan\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n zorla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu y\u00fczden verileri, en ba\u015ftan do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde ele almak olduk\u00e7a kritiktir. Bu durumda, kontrol gruplar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek \u00f6nemli bir unsurdur.<\/p>\n<div id=\"om-ekmxphdtaxjswhntqedb-holder\"><\/div>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"https:\/\/a.opmnstr.com\/app\/js\/api.min.js\" data-campaign=\"ekmxphdtaxjswhntqedb\" data-user=\"41855\" async><\/script><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hatalar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebeplerinden biri, kontrol gruplar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tutmakt\u0131r. Belli bir gruptan \u00f6rnekler alarak ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak akademisyenler i\u00e7in yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n her par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 yeniden incelemek ise olduk\u00e7a zor bir i\u015ftir. Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda kar\u015f\u0131 bir sonu\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece sonu\u00e7lara daima g\u00fcvenilir. Fakat buradaki problem \u015fudur; e\u011fer, bir g\u00fcn yay\u0131nlanan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n tam tersi bir sonu\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa, harekete ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok ge\u00e7mi\u015f kal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olabilir. \u00d6zellikle insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen t\u0131bbi ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, kontrol gruplar\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0130nsan hatalar\u0131 art\u0131yor mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bilimsel hatalar\u0131 veya sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, insan hatas\u0131ndan ay\u0131rmak olduk\u00e7a zordur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc birinde az say\u0131da \u00f6rnek toplamaktan kaynaklanan bir sapma olurken, di\u011ferinde tamamen bir ki\u015finin say\u0131lar\u0131 veya \u00f6rnekleri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndan veya bilerek manip\u00fcle etmesinden kaynaklanan bir hata olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda, 309 bin ara\u015ft\u0131rma aras\u0131nda hatalardan kaynaklanarak geri \u00e7ekilen makale say\u0131s\u0131 sadece \u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 868 bin makale aras\u0131nda, geri \u00e7ekilen makale say\u0131s\u0131 83\u2019t\u00fcr! Yani 20 y\u0131lda hata say\u0131s\u0131nda, 10 kat art\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftur. Asl\u0131nda bu say\u0131 biraz daha fazlad\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc dergi edit\u00f6rleri bu tarz konularda tam olarak bilgi vermekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu hatalar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131, tamamen bilmeden yap\u0131lan insan hatas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz hatalar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na girerken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise bilerek yap\u0131lan hatalard\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda bunlara hata de\u011fil de yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirme dememiz daha do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc veri setlerinin manip\u00fcle edilmesi ve orijinal verilerin tam olarak verilmemesi, hatalar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Tabi ki bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a, do\u011fal olarak hata say\u0131s\u0131 da artacakt\u0131r ama 20 y\u0131lda ara\u015ft\u0131rma say\u0131s\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 kat artarken, hata say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 10 kat artmas\u0131 burada bir sorun oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermiyor mu sizce?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u015eeffafl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek paralar yat\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle,\u00a0 hatal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilir. \u0130\u015fte, bundan dolay\u0131, bilim insanlar\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 hatal\u0131 olsa bile geri \u00e7ekmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nabilirler.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Akademik yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131kta makale geri \u00e7ekme s\u00fcreci de olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k bir \u015fekilde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir.\u00a0 Geri \u00e7ekme s\u00fcre\u00e7leri de pek \u015feffaf de\u011fildir. Bunun nedenlerini tahmin etmek zor de\u011fil tabi ki. Hem ki\u015finin, hem de yay\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131 zedelememesi veya olas\u0131 bir davaya konu olmamak i\u00e7in bunlar kamuoyundan saklan\u0131yor olabilir. Ancak, bunlar sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, bu hatalar\u0131n basit bir insan hatas\u0131 m\u0131 yoksa bilerek yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir manip\u00fclasyon mu oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zorla\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bug\u00fcnlerde bilimsel hatalara kar\u015f\u0131 medyan\u0131n ilgisi olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksektir. Geri \u00e7ekilen her ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ku\u015fkulu g\u00f6zlerle bak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve bu, ku\u015fku oklar\u0131n\u0131n hem makalenin yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dergiye, hem de makaleyi yazan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131ya y\u00f6nelmesine sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131, geri \u00e7ekilen her ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki nedenler, \u015feffaf bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanmal\u0131d\u0131r ki herkes kimin ne kadar hatal\u0131 oldu\u011funu veya olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6rebilsin. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma eti\u011fi de bunu gerektirir zaten. Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, insan do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan hatalar ile bilerek yap\u0131lan hatalar\u0131, yani bilimsel suiistimali veya akademik yolsuzlu\u011fu birbirinden yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Ve sonu\u00e7ta anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar, istatistiksel analizin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi \u00fczerinde devam edecek ve belli bilimsel analizlere dayanan iddialar de\u011ferlendirilecektir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bilimsel hatalar, akademi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n bir ger\u00e7e\u011fidir. Fakat bu tarz\u00a0hatalar\u0131 bulmak, bir matematik problemindeki [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8205,"featured_media":20689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1497,1495],"tags":[1583,1562,1564],"ppma_author":[1659],"class_list":["post-2438","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-submitting-manuscripts","category-publishing-research","tag-scientific-transparency","tag-ethical-issues","tag-common-manuscript-errors"],"acf":[],"single_webinar_page_date":null,"single_webinar_page_time":null,"session_agenda":null,"who_should_attend_this_session":null,"about_the_speaker_field":null,"co-webinar-sec":null,"co_webinar_sec_one":null,"speaker-name":null,"webinar-date":null,"webinar-time":null,"webinar-s-image":null,"custum_webinar_category":null,"authors":[{"term_id":1659,"user_id":8205,"is_guest":0,"slug":"enago","display_name":"enago","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/?s=96&d=mm&r=g","author_category":"","first_name":"","last_name":"","user_url":"","job_title":"","description":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2438","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8205"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2438"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2438\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21925,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2438\/revisions\/21925"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2438"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2438"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2438"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.enago.com\/academy\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2438"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}